45. INTRODUCTION

Those of you who have looked at my profile will see that I am a writer and an Architect, and that "my life's work", in many respects, is my long and detailed book "The Sky Their Battlefield 2", which has just been updated, expanded and was republished in October 2014. It has met with a lot of critical acclaim and praise. More importantly, it has proved useful to thousands of people around the world, since the first edition appeared in 1995. It deals with the First Air War, in really considerable detail - indexing and telling the stories now of almost 17,000 Allied air personnel in over half a million words of detailed research and examination. More information can be found at the web site I have built to explain this work, at The Sky Their Battlefield 2 http://www.theskytheirbattlefield2.com/

But as part of my wider interest in most aspects of The Great War I also came across Lt Jack Duffy's Gallipoli album in a shop in Melbourne in the early 1990's. A few years ago I began to explore on this site here how I could use a blog to publish many of the photos it contained - with particular emphasis on the photos of graves which Lt Duffy had taken so much trouble to record before he and his comrades were evacuated, inevitably leaving them behind. I find his actions in doing this particularly moving. The very least I can do as the present owner of his album is to share them - exactly in the way he so clearly intended.

And now this tale takes a turn... If you search for Jack Duffy on the Net you find that in the last year a book has been published in Australia - of his photos! "Where Anzacs Sleep. The Gallipoli Photos of Capt Jack Duffy - 8th Battalion" by Ron Austin of Slouch Hat Publications (ISBN 0 9758353 2 7).

This excellent book explains that Duffy returned to Victoria and after the war took his images out on magic lantern tours around the Australian states. The book primarily appears to draw on these and I heartily recommend it to you all.

What I have are Jack's original photos in one of his original albums, all carefully annotated in his own hand in fine white copperplate ink script. I say -one- of his albums because Ron Austin's book contains obviously personal photos not found in the album I own. On the other hand, my album has a number of other photos of scenes and locations that Jack chose not to show on his travels, as well as his original captions, which often reveal more about an image than is first apparent. For example, a photo of a large group of Diggers apparently standing around the water tanks at Shrapnel Gully are revealled by Jack's caption to be earnestly engaged in a game of Two-up!

Rather than to cover a wider selection of his fascinating images - so expertly gone over by Ron Austin in his book - I have concentrated on the images of graves. I made high resolution copies of all the album's contents a few years back and then extracted and ordered all the grave images and relevant names into battalions and regiments. It is this set of photos and names, relating to 97 individuals' original Gallipoli graves, which I have uploaded and described here.

I have enhanced the images as much as possible whilst ensuring they remain true to how they appear in the album, as well as always including Jack's captions. Most images have an additional detail photo appended for reference.

To completely contradict what I have just said, however, I'll begin with a photo of Jack Duffy (on the right, above) so you can see the individual who was responsible for all that you now see.

And in addition, here is that picture of the Two-up game with Jack's own caption. It shows a group of ANZAC mates and comrades at Gallipoli. They're engaged in a pastime as familiar to those young Australians born 110 years ago as cricket or reading a book. All around them, however, the most appalling carnage is going on - a game of two-up must have seemed the most blessed relief. When the evacuation took place in December 1915 these men left behind between eight and nine thousand dead Australian comrades, lost in a conflict that for all the combatants had claimed possibly half a million casualties in only eight months. As every parent will tell you, or any brother or sister, every life is precious beyond words. If pictures can tell a thousand words then this record of almost a hundred original Gallipoli graves can possibly go a little way towards remembering and honouring the Australians, New Zealanders, British and others who have been at rest now for ninety years in the Dardanelles.

44. Copyright

All copyright in all images and other materials on this website are the property of Trevor Henshaw (©2007 TGHH). Printing, copying and/or downloading of the content of this website is permitted for personal and non-commercial use only, provided that the content and context remains unaltered and the source is credited.

Republishing, distributing and/or copying any portion of the content on the website is prohibited except for purposes of quoting from, or citing as an example of, the site’s content, as long as Trevor Henshaw’s copyright is acknowledged and citation included. The content is protected by European Union copyright laws and other international copyright laws and conventions. The use of content on this website for purposes other than those permitted is prohibited except where express written authority has been obtained from Trevor Henshaw.

With that out of the way, I hope any visitors to the site find it informative and useful.

43. LINKS

Anyone is welcome to get in touch with me about this site at t.henshaw@talktalk.net

There are some remarkable resources on the Internet relating to the Gallipoli Campaign, whether one is contemplating a visit to Turkey, wants general historical information, or else is searching for significantly more primary sources for historical research. In the preparation of these pages I have visited the following sites and recommend them all:

National Archives of Australia
http://www.naa.gov.au/
This is the outstanding site on the Internet for research of particular individuals who have fought for Australian Forces. Individual service records of each and every WW1 ANZAC combatant can be viewed, often running to 50 or 60 pages long. Much of it is the formal assemblage of forms and chits that service life seems always to accrue. But then occasionally there is the odd piece of personal correspondence from a parent or sister, or a quickly assembled list of a man’s possessions awaiting despatch back to a grieving family that cut back through ninety years in an instant and in which an individual life is found resonating and laid bare. Lest we forget.

On the home page go to Service Records, then WW1, then Name Search.

ANZAC
http://www.anzacs.net/
At Anzacs.net there is another remarkable collection of information and detailed, easily accessible material found virtually no where else on the Net. For research on these photographs, for example, I went to their “Gallipoli Graveyards” section: enter the website, then click on Gallipoli Graveyards. Here you can search for names and details of the fallen or for locations.

Digger History
http://www.diggerhistory.info/
This is another mine of information on Australian fighting forces in both World Wars. Clicking on Military History takes you into where you can enter the WW1 sections. There are copious Gallipoli pages within this, including sections on the Gallipoli graveyards that also look at other original graves and grave markers from Anzac.

Leaders of Anzacs
http://www.anzacs.org/
Excellent for Australian officers who served at Gallipoli, but also lists every headstone inscription for Anzacs with a known grave. There is also material on the 5th Light Horse Regiment.

Gallipoli Guide
http://www.anzac.govt.nz/gallipoliguide/
The NZ Government site with sections on the Gallipoli cemeteries listing details of all New Zealanders lost in the campaign.

Commonwealth War Graves Commission
http://www.cwgc.org/admin/files/cwgc_gallipoli.pdf
An article on the Gallipoli campaign and its aftermath, including the problems faced by the Commission when it returned to the Peninsula after the war to reconstruct the cemeteries.

Mapping Gallipoli
http://www.awm.gov.au/gmaps/cemeteries/index.asp
The Australian War Memorial site which includes background on, for example, the mapping of three of the original Gallipoli cemeteries

Visiting Gallipoli
http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/
An educationally oriented site with significant and well set out general content.

Gallipoli 1915: The Drama of the Dardanelles
http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/2/gallipoli/navigate.htm
London’s Imperial War Museum’s site. I recommend Peter Hart’s article entitled Gallipoli: The Air War, which looks in detail at the work of the RNAS over the battlefield.

Slouch Hat Publications
http://www.slouch-hat.com.au/html/publications.htm
Where you can peruse some of the best titles on Australian military history including Ron Austin’s book on Jack Duffy: WHERE ANZACS SLEEP: The Gallipoli photos of Captain Jack Duffy - 8th Battalion.

42. THE NAMES AND THE PHOTOGRAPHS

This is a list of the 97 individuals mentioned on this site for whom an original 1915 grave or a cross or a memorial has been identified from Jack Duffy's Gallipoli photographs. They are all members of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) unless noted as New Zealanders, or of the Royal Navy etc. The names are in alphabetical surname order and the number in brackets is the post you need to go to for further information and relevant images. Click on the number to link to it.

Pte Claude W ABBOT 13 [20]
Trpr Frank L A'BECKETT 678 [16]
Pte Charles H ALLEN 984 [5]
Pte William ALTREE 1452 [5]
LCpl James A ANDERSON 235 [16]
Sgt David J ANDERSON 1175 [7]
Pte Thomas A ATWILL 299 [5]
Pte Benjamin S BARKER 8/1699 NZ [33]
Pte John BESWICK 1558 [5]
Lt Herbert A BIGGSLEY [12]
2Cpl George H BIRD 15 [18]
Cpl Walter H BLAKE 961 [6]
Trpr Victor E BLAKENEY 575 [16]
Pte Frank BOLAND 6/885 NZ [33]
Lt Col George F BRAUND VD [1]
Trpr Frederick CL BRIDGELAND 73 [21]
Spr William J BUSBRIDGE 4/168a NZ [35]
Trpr Neil CAMPION 11/32 NZ [34]
Gnr Stanley G CARTER 1793 [30]
Commander Edward H CATER RN [39]
LCpl Henry N CHANDLER 59 [23]
Pte William COLES 917 [27]
Cpl Hugh COLQUHUON 239 [18]
Capt Athony PH CORLEY [24]
Capt Robert C CROCKER [30]
Cpl Alfred G CROUD 2087 [25]
Pte Charles E d'ALTON 769 [9]
Dvr Albert H DAVEY 894 [5]
Lt William H DAWKINS [19]
Trpr Colin L DOUGLAS 397 [39]
Trpr Thomas A DUDDERIDGE 693 [16]
Maj Walter W ELLIS [1]
Spr Walter FAIRBAIRN 55 [18]
Spr Henry H FAIRNHAM 54 [18]
Rifleman Alex FORREST [26]
Spr Charles C FOWLE 212 [18]
Pte George FJ GASCOYNE 1942 [10]
Gnr C David GERRANS 4220 [22]
2Cpl John J GOUGH 122 [18]
Pte James GREAR 637 [20]
Pte Joseph GURRY 1751 [5]
Capt Sydney R HALL [26]
LCpl John HANCOX 300 [27]
Lt Col Hubert JI HARRIS VD [40]
Dvr Albert JB HARRIS 815 [20]
Lt Hon Leslie R HARTLAND [10]
Pte Thomas E HAYLOCK 866 [14]
Pte Sydney B HOLT 1357 [5]
Bdr Percy S HOOPPELL 916 [20]
Spr Cecil WR HOWLETT 60 [18 & 28]
Pte William R JAMES 1374 [18]
Pte Arthur S JOHNSON 801 [5]
Pte John L KING 357 [12]
LCpl David LEES 318 [11 & 29]
LCpl James T LILBURNE 1569 [12]
Cpl Alexander J MACDONALD 132 [18]
Gnr Albert H MASTERS 1816 [32]
Sgt Francis MATTHEWS 71 [29]
Pte Albert McCANN 436 [14]
Pte Patrick M McDONOUGH 835 [8]
Pte Jack McDOUGALL 1303 [3]
Pte Augustus A McDOWALL 225 [4]
2Lt Maurice L McLEOD [4]
Pte William MELLOR 1842 [8]
Sgt Phillip WG MOON [13]
Spr William MOORE 716 [18]
Spr Edward MOORE CARTER 344 [18]
Pte Frank McC MOOREHEAD 691 [4]
Trpr Archibald H MORETON 542 [16]
LCpl Humphrey O MOULE 549 [21]
Pte John G MURPHY 1163 KIA [5]
Pte Jack MURRY 8/1810 NZ [33]
Sgt Robert R NAIRN 4/654 NZ [36]
Pte Thomas C NOAKES 578 [37]
Spr Cleveland E PAGE 70 [18]
Spr James R PANTLIN 74 [18]
Pte Richard PRESTON 1065 [4]
2Lt Charlton H PROCKTER [24]
2Lt Charles EM PUCKLE [24]
Spr Fred REYNOLDS 191 [18]
Pte James W REYNOLDS 710 [4]
Cpl William D ROBERTS 183 [3]
Pte John ROUTLEDGE 1558 [5]
Cpl Walter B SEAMAN 101 [5]
Capt John E SERGEANT [15]
Pte Thomas W STOKES 946 [25]
Dvr Smedley JJ TERRY 191 [21]
Pte Benjamin T THORPE 1184 [5]
Trpr William TOSH 551 [16]
Pte George H TRUE 58 [38]
Spr Claude D TURBET 41 [18]
Trpr Miles N TURNER 192 [21]
Mjr Charles H VILLIERS STUART [19]
Pte Lindsay G WALLIS 614 [9]
Tpr Keith E WATT 824 [17]
Sapr Francis L WELLS 112 [18 & 19]
Lt Clarence W WOLFENDEN [26]

41. Shrapnel Gully Cemetery

A view of Shrapnel Gully Cemetery.

40. Lt Col HJI Harris VD

The grave of Lt Col Hubert JI Harris VD, Commanding Officer of the 5th Light Horse Regiment. Harris served in the Boer War with the Queensland Mounted Infantry and then the militia, being promoted to Lt Col in 1911. He took the 5th Light horse to Gallipoli in mid May 1915 and was killed in action on the evening of 31 July 1915, aged 44.

He was observing the attack being made by the 3rd Infantry Brigade on Turkish positions in front of Tasmania Post, from a machine gun observation post in Leane's Trench on Harris Ridge, when responding Turkish shelling fell about the position and a bullet entered through the loophole hitting him in the neck, resulting in his death within minutes. He was buried in Shell Green Cemetery the following evening.

39. Cdr EH Cater RN

Commander Edward H Cater RN was the Naval Transport Officer in charge of landing operations at Anzac Beach. He was killed in action by shrapnel on 5 August 1915. He lies in Beach Cemetery.

From FIVE MONTHS AT ANZAC by JL Beeston:

Towards the end of July great preparations were made for an offensive movement, the object being to take Hill 971 and so turn the Turk's right. ...On the third of August we received orders to remove to the left flank, the right being held by the Australian Division which participated in the operation known afterwards as Lone Pine. The last day on the beach proved to be pretty hot with shelling, chiefly from Beachy Bill. A number of pinnaces were busy all day towing in barges from the transports, and this could be easily seen from the olive grove where Bill had his lair. At one time the shells came over like rain; two of the pinnaces were hit below the water-line, and were in imminent danger of sinking. Through all the shelling Commander Cater ran along the pier to give some direction regarding the pinnaces, but was killed before he got there. He was a brave man, and always very courteous and considerate.

Very speculative, but possible, is the cross just to the right and behind Cater's. This may be Trpr Colin L Douglas 397 of the 4th Australian Light Horse, killed in action on 7 August 1915, aged 20. He lies in Shell Green Cemetery.

38. Pte GH True

Tasmanian Pte George H True 58 of the 12th Battalion AIF was killed in action on 20 May 1915, aged 21. He is buried in Shell Green Cemetery (Artillery Road Plot).

37. Pte TG Noakes

English born Pte Thomas C Noakes 578 of the 11th Battalion AIF was killed in action on 1 August 1915, aged 28. He is buried in Shell Green Cemetery.

36. Sgt RR Nairn

This is the cross "in loving memory of" Sgt Robert R Nairn 4/654 of the 2nd Field Coy, New Zealand Field Engineers. He was killed in action on 2 August 1915, aged 24, when a large mortar he had been working on to attack Turkish positions at Quinn's Post exploded and killed him. He is buried in Shrapnel Valley Cemetery.

35. Spr WJ Busbridge

This is the cross of Spr William J Busbridge 4/168a of the 1st Field Coy New Zealand Engineers. He was killed in action during an hour long shelling of New Zealand positions by three Turkish guns on the evening of 23 June 1915. He was 20 years old.
He is buried in Beach Cemetery but one can see from the bluff and other features behind that his original grave lay very close to Gnr Albert Masters' cross (Photo 32).

34. Trpr N Campion

This difficult to make out image is nevertheless identifiable as Trpr Neil Campion 11/32 of the Wellington Mounted Rifles NZEF, killed in action on 26 May 1915, aged 22. He is buried in Ari Burnu Cemetery.
It is the only painted stone in all of Duffy's images and leaves the possibility that it survived the Turkish return to the Anzac positions and could theoretically still be in the locality.

33. Pte J Murry, Pte BS Barker & Pte F Boland

In this view of Shrapnel Gully Cemetery the two individuals commemorated by the main cross are, in fact, Pte Jack Murry (correct spelling) 8/1810 and Pte Benjamin S Barker (not Parker) 8/1699, both of the Otago Regiment, NZEF and both killed in action on 13 July 1915.

On the cross behind, an inscription for another New Zealander can be made out: Pte Frank Boland 6/885 of the Canterbury Regiment, NZEF, killed in action on 31 July 1915, aged 38. He had been wounded the previous May but returned to the trenches in June.

32. Gnr AH Masters

Gnr Albert H Masters 1816 of the 8th Coy, Divisional Ammunition Park died of wounds on 30 June 1915, aged 24.
He is buried in Ari Burnu Cemetery. The bluff behind is very characteristic of this cemetery's location - towards the northern end of Anzac Cove, it sits just above the shore line upon the beach where the Anzacs made their dawn landing on 25 April 1915.

31. Many in One

An evocative photograph of a mass grave. Details are unfortunately unreadable and the location is presently unknown.

30. A Lonely Little Graveyard

Duffy notes this is the Victoria Gully Cemetery. The names on the crosses are very difficult to make out but the second from right appears to be Gnr Stanley G Carter 1793 of the 8th Bty, 3rd Australian Field Artillery Brigade, who was killed in action on 17 July 1915, aged 27. He is now in Shell Green Cemetery.

Records give his original burial place as the Gully Beach Cemetery, 8th Battery cemetery. I understand all individuals were moved from here, including a Capt Robert C Crocker of the 2nd Australian Field Artillery Bgde. He was killed in action on 12 July 1915, aged 27. He is shown linked with Carter on the same disinterment list, so is this his grave on the right? This is speculation.

According to Ron Austin the men marching past in the background are from the 8th Battalion AIF.

29. LCpl D Lees & Sgt F Matthews

LCpl Lees' grave has aready appeared in Photo 14, and this is another view of this plot in Shell Green cemetery. LCpl David Lees 318 belonged to the 11th Battalion AIF and was killed in action on 2 May 1915, aged 45.

On the far right there is another cross, which I believe shows the name of Sgt Francis Matthews 71 of the 11th Battalion AIF, killed in action on 3 May 1915, aged 26. There is another man with the name Matthews buried in Shell Green - Trpr Frank W Matthews 153 of the 6th Australian Light Horse, killed in action 17th September 1915 aged 27, but the original photograph seems to have a prefix "S" of Sgt, and both Lees (Plot 12) and Francis Matthews (Plot 10) were buried originally near to one another in the Artillery Road cemetery.

28. Spr CWR Howlett

Sapper Cecil WR Howlett 60 of the 1st Field Coy, Australian Engineers, killed in action 2 May 1915, aged 21. His name is also on the group cross shown in Photo 18. He is buried in Shrapnel Valley Cemetery.

27. LCpl J Hancox & Pte W Coles

This grave in Shell Green Cemetery is of LCpl John Hancox 300 of the 12th Battalion AIF, killed in action on 19 May 1915, aged 27.

More speculatively, the cross to the right rear may be that of Pte William Coles 917 of the 10th Battalion AIF, killed in action on 18 September 1915, aged 28.

26. Capt SR Hall, Rfm A Forrest & Lt CW Wolfenden

These three men lie in Beach Cemetery. They are:

Capt Sydney R Hall of the 10th Battalion AIF, KIA by shrapnel on 25 April 1915, aged 32.

Lt Clarence W Wolfenden of the 4th Battery 2nd Australian Field Artillery Brigade, KIA 11 May 1915, aged 21. He was killed when Australian guns on 400 Plateau were shelled.

Rifleman Alex Forrest, Scottish born member of the Ceylon Planters' Rifle Corps. He was killed in action on 2 May 1915. This small Corps of 150 volunteers were attached to the Anzacs.

25. Pte TW Stokes & Cpl AG Croud

On the left is Pte Thomas W Stokes 946 of the 11th Battalion AIF. He was killed in action on 2 May 1915, aged 21.

Harder to discern is Cpl Alfred G Croud 2087 on the right. English born, he belonged to the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade AIF and was killed in action by shrapnel at Gaba Tepe on 7 May 1915. When he enlisted the previous August he was 44 years old. In a letter to his wife the Brigade Commander noted "Your husband lies buried with other comrades close to where our guns are now placed."

These graves are photographed in the Artillery Road Cemetery but they now rest in Shell Green Cemetery.

24.Three 11th Battalion AIF officers in Shell Green Cemetery.

A further view of graves in Shell Green Cemetery: this time a group in which three officers from the 11th Battalion AIF can be identified:

On the left is 2Lt Charles EM Puckle who was killed in action on 3 August 1915, aged 28. Then beside him is 2Lt Charlton H Prockter, killed in action on 6 August 1915.
On the far right is Capt Athony PH Corley, killed in action on 17 September 1915.

23. LCpl HN Chandler

Englishman LCpl Henry N Chandler 59 was buried in Shell Green Cemetery on a promentory overlooking the sea. He served with the 3rd Field Coy Australian Engineers and was KIA 1 August 1915, aged 24. Illness had kept Chandler off Gallipoli until the end of July but he was only on the Peninsula 5 days before being killed.

22. Gnr CD Gerrans

Englishman Gnr C David Gerrans 4220 of the 2nd Division Ammunition Column attached to the Heavy Battery AFA was killed in action on 2 December 1915. He is buried in Shell Green Cemetery but his records relate he was buried in 1915 in Victoria Valley Cemetery, where this photo was therefore taken. He was 44 years old when he enlisted the previous March and had been wounded on Gallipoli the previous August.

21. Four men of the 4th Light Horse Regiment.

These four individuals in Shell Green Cemetery were killed in fighting at Leane's Trench in August 1915. All were members of the 4th Light Horse Regiment. They are:

LCpl Humphrey O Moule 549 KIA 6 August 1915, aged 22.

Trpr Frederick CL Bridgeland 73 KIA 22 August 1915, aged 34.

Dvr Smedley JJ Terry 191 KIA 6 August 1915, aged 20.

Trpr Miles N Turner 192 KIA at Gaba Tepe on 6 August 1915, aged 24.

20. Ptes CW Abbott & J Grear, Bbdr PS Hooppell & Dvr AJB Harris

These "Departed Comrades" lying in Beach Cemetery are:

On the right Englishman Pte Claude W Abbot 13 of the 1st Field Ambulance AAMC who was KIA on 29 May 1915 aged 24. Beside him is Bdr Percy S Hooppell 916 2nd Bgde, Australian Field Artillery, KIA 30 May 1915, aged 19.

Harder to discern on the left, probably, are the crosses of Dvr Albert JB Harris 815 (behind) 2nd Bgde, Australian Field Artillery. DoW 29 May 1915. To the left of the main group appears to be Pte James Grear 637, 1st Battalion AIF KIA 10 May 1915. The cross in the centre is unreadable.

19. Lt WH Dawkins, Maj CH Villiers Stuart & Spr FL Wells

Lt William H Dawkins of the 2nd Field Coy Engineers was killed on 12 May 1915 whilst tending one of the vital water wells he and his men had managed to sink on Gallipoli. He was aged 22.

Scot Mjr Charles H Villiers Stuart served on the NW Frontier with the 56th Punjab Rifles bfore being attached to Gen Birdwood's Corps HQ as its chief intelligence officer. He was killed in action by shell fire at Courtney's Post on 17 May 1915 aged 40.

Behind these two can be seen the cross of Sapr Francis L Wells 112 1st Field Coy Engineers. He was KIA on 12 July 1915, aged 22, and his name also appears on the group cross in Photo 18. These graves are all at Beach Cemetery but Wells has been moved to Shrapnel Valley Cemetery.

18. 14 NSW Engineers, Shrapnel Gully

The men on this cross, all from the 1st Field Coy of New South Wales Engineers, are:
Cpl Alexander J MacDonald 132 DoW 25 April 1915.
Cpl Hugh Colquhuon 239 DoW 19 June 1915.
2Cpl John J Gough 122 KIA 9 July 1915.
Spr Henry H Fairnham 54 KIA 26 April 1915.
Spr Walter Fairbairn 55 KIA 25 April 1915.
Spr Cecil WR Howlett 60 KIA 2 May 1915 (also see Photo 28 for his individual cross).
Spr William Moore 716 KIA 25 April 1915.
Spr Cleveland E Page 70 KIA 25 April 1915.
Spr James R Pantlin 74 KIA 5 May 1915.
Spr Fred Reynolds 191 KIA 25 April 1915.
Spr Francis L Wells 112 KIA 12 July 1915 (and see Photo 19).
2Cpl George H Bird 15 DoW 9 August 1915.
Spr Charles C Fowle 212 DoW 13 July 1915.
Spr Edward Moore Carter 344 DoW 23 July 1915.
They are in Shrapnel Valley Cemetery.

The cross to the left commemorates Spr Claude D Turbet 41, of the 1st Field Coy Australian Engineers, KIA 8 August 1915 aged 20.
The cross behind on the right is to Pte William R James 1374 of the 17th Battalion AIF KIA 1 October 1915. Note the pile of used shell casings.